Public–private partnership monitor: India

The report provides a detailed overview of India’s public-private partnership (PPP) environment, with a focus on the national, local government, and sector PPP landscapes. India has a reasonably mature PPP market with approximately $265 billion invested across 1,150 projects since 1990. Based on a decentralized enabling framework, the PPP ecosystems in the country has been supported by key preparation, financing, and delivery institutions, policies, guidelines, and standardized bidding documents. To attract increased private investments across infrastructure sectors, the government has recently introduced innovation PPP models such as the hybrid annuity model and toll-operate-transfer, which will play a critical role in implementing the India’s $81 billion National Asset Monetization Pipeline, and help finance the $15 trillion National Infrastructure Pipeline, 2020-2025.c